Telnet Explained

Telnet

Telnet is a protocol that allows you to connect to remote computers over a TCP/IP network in command line. Using telnet client software on your computer, you can make a connection to a telnet server (i.e., the remote host). Once your telnet client establishes a connection to the remote host, your client becomes a virtual terminal, allowing you to communicate with the remote host from your computer. In most cases, you'll need to log into the remote host, which requires that you have an account on that system.

Note Two Serveice 1. Telnet Server: for giving telnet to others

                                 2. Telnet client : with this you can access telnet server

 

LAB for Telnet 

                                                          

How to install telnet server on pc1

1. open server manager →add role and feature→ next4

2. put check on telnet server (or both telnet client and telnet server)

3. next →  install

4. now open run→  services.msc → double click on telnet →  Set the Startup Type to Automatic

5. apply→  start→  ok

 

Now Go on pc2 to access telnet server

1. open run→  appwiz.cpl→  Turn window features on or off→  put check on telnet client

2. ok→  after installing telnet client close all wizard

3. open cmd→  telnet ɸ 192.168.1.93   (pc1 ip) →type N 

It will ask for user name and password

Give user name administrator password 123@iiht (pc1 username and pc1 passowrd)

Beacause we are accessing telnet of pc1

4. now you can do everything on pc1 from cmd but you should know all commands

Example of basic command

Q. how to see file and folder in cmd?

Ans. Dir

Q. How to see hidden file and folder

Ans . dir ɸ /ah

Q. how to create folder in cmd?

Ans. Mkdir ɸ new folder name

 

Q. how to create file ?

Ans. Copy ɸ con ɸ ab ?       (ab is new file name)        

Write any thing

Press Ctrl+z to save the file

 

Q. How to read the file?

Ans. Type ɸ file name

 

Q. How to change Directory?

Ans . cd ɸ  directory name

 

Q. How to change Drive ?

Ans. D:           (if u r in c drive and want to go in d drive)

 

Q. How to delete the file?

Ans. Del file name

Here is a list of useful DEL combinations that is worth mentioning:

DEL *.DOC - delete all files with the DOC extension(you can use any file extension necessary, DOC is the example I used);

DEL Test*.* - delete all files beginning with Test;

DEL *.* - delete ALL files from the current directory.

 

Q. How to delete directory?

Ans. Rmdir ɸ directory name

 

Q. How to delete directory forcly ?

Ans: rmdir ɸ /S ɸ /Q directory name

 

Q. how to rename file and folder?

Ans. Ren ɸ old name ɸ new name

 

Q. How to copy file from one location to another location

Ans . copy → a.txt → d:              (a.txt is the file and d drive is the destination drive )

 

 

Q. To copy a folder and its content from a location to another ?

Ans.  Xcopy ɸ /s ɸ /i ɸ d:\7tutorials ɸ c:\backup_7tutorials

 

(The '/s' parameter will ensure that all the directories and subdirectories will be copied, except the ones that are empty. The '/i'parameter will create a new directory if the destination folder doesn't exist and you copy multiple files.)

 

 

Q. How to see Window version ?

Ans. Ver

Q. hot compare two files ?

Ans. Fc ɸ file1 ɸ file2

Q. How to clear screen ?

Ans. Cls

Q. how to hide the file ?

Ans . attrib ɸ +h ɸ file name

Q. How make read only file ?

Ans. Attrib ɸ +r  ɸ filename

Q. how to make system file ?

Ans . attrib ɸ +s ɸ  filename

Q. how to make archive file ?

Ans. Attrib ɸ +a  ɸ filename

 

(Note: if you want  unhide and remove all attribute then put –with attribute like –h –r –s –a )

Q.how to shutdown the system ?

Ans. Shutdown ɸ  /s

Q. how to restart the system ?

Ans. Shutdown ɸ  /r

Q. hot to logoff the system ?

Ans. Shutdown ɸ  /l

Q. shutdown multiple computer

Ans . shutdown -i

Q. shutdown system by time

Ans. Shutdown ɸ /s ɸ /t 60

Q. restart system by time

Ans. Shutdown ɸ /r ɸ /t 60

Q.How to see running task

Ans. Tasklist

Q. how to kill task

Ans .taskill ɸ /f ɸ /im ɸ notepad.exe         (/f means forcely and /im mean image name)

Q. kill task by pid ?

Ans.taskkill ɸ /pid 9764

Q. to kill multiple process you have to give more /pid

Ans.  taskkill ɸ /pid ɸ 9764 /pidɸ2112

Q. to stop remote process  type taskkill ?

Ans. Taskkill ɸ/s:192.168.1.93 ɸ /u:deploy\administrator ɸ /p 123#iiht ɸ /pid 1232

Q. To list all remote process type tasklist ?

Ans .tasklist ɸ/s:192.168.1.93 ɸ /u:deploy\administrator ɸ /p 123#iiht

Q.how to format the drive ?

Ans .format ɸ d:

Q. How to convert fat partition into ntfs without data loss ?

Ans. Convert ɸ d: ɸ /fs:ntfs

Q. how to see who is connected to your system by telnet ?

Ans. Tlntadmin -s

Q.how to see ip address from command line ?

Ans. Ipconfig

 

Q. how to change ip address from command line?

Ans. netsh ɸ interface ɸ ip ɸ set ɸ address ɸ name=”Ethernet” ɸ static 192.168.0.1 ɸ  255.255.255.0 ɸ 192.168.0.254

This assumes the following:

•       The name of the interface you want to change the IP address  for is Local Area Network

•       You want to statically assign an IP address of 192.168.0.1

•       You want to set a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0

•       You want to set a default gateway of 192.168.0.254

 

To create a partition:

At a command prompt, type: Diskpart.exe

1. LIST ɸ DISK 

2. Select ɸ Disk 0

 CREATE ɸ PARTITION ɸ PRIMARY SIZE=10000       (it will create primarypartition10gb)

                        or

 CREATE ɸ PARTITION ɸ EXTENDED                          (it will create extended partition)

                        or

3. CREATE ɸ PARTITION ɸ LOGICAL SIZE=10000        (it will create logicalpartition10gb)

(In this we are creating logical partition)

 

4. ASSIGN ɸ LETTER=D

To delete a partition in Windows with Diskpart: (Note: You cannot delete an active system or boot partition or a partition with an active page file.)

•      At a command prompt, type: Diskpart.exe

•      At the DISKPART prompt, type: Select Disk 1

•      At the DISKPART prompt, type: Select Partition 1

•      At the DISKPART prompt, type: DELETE partition

•      At the DISKPART prompt, type: Exit

 

How create pen drive bootable

1. open cmd

2. diskpart

3. list disk

4. select disk 1

5. create partition primary

6. format fs=ntfs quick

7. active

 Now copy all window file like win7 ,win8 ,2012r2

 

Troubleshooting with TCP/IP Utilities

After you have TCP/IP installed and configured and you have your TCP/IP network running, you need to be able to troubleshoot the network. When problems arise on a Windows network, you can use some of the following commands to do your troubleshooting:

•                IPCONFIG

•                PING

•                TRACERT

•                NBTSTAT

•                NETSTAT

•                PATHPING

•                NSLOOKUP

•                NET commands

•                Route

 

ipconfig /all
To display all your IP information for all adapters. With ipconfig /all you can also find out your DNS Server and MAC Address. This will show your full TCP/IP configuration for all adapters on your Windows machine.

ipconfig /release
To release your current IP information and obtain a new IP Address from the DHCP server.

ipconfig /renew
Used to renew your IP Address if you have it set to obtain IP Address automatically.

ipconfig /displaydns
This shows your current DNS Resolver Cache Logs.

ipconfig /flushdns
This flushes or clears your current DNS Resolver Cache Logs.

ipconfig /registerdns
The register DNS command updates the DNS settings on the Windows computer. It doesn't just access the local DNS cache, it initiates communication with the DNS server and the DHCP server so it can re-register the network address. You can use this for troubleshooting problems with connection to the ISP (Internet Service Provider), like failing to obtain a dynamic IP address from the DHCP Server or failing to connect to the ISP DNS server.

 

Ping Command Switches

 

You maybe use the switches together.
ping 192.168.1.1 -t
Continuous Ping - It will keep on pinging forever until you hit Ctrl + C to stop it. This can be great for troubleshooting intermittent connections. Just open up a Command Prompt(or 3) and run the continuous ping command on a site like Google.com to see when you're dropping packets. I would also run one on your router and on another site like site.com for a better data sample control group.

ping 192.168.1.1 -n 10
Number of Pings - The N Switch is simply for setitng the number of pings. By default the ping cmd sends out 4 packets at 32 bytes each.

ping 192.168.1.1 -l 1500
Size of Packet - By default the packets sent are a small 32 bytes. You can set your own size up to the max 65500 bytes. This can really help for stress tetsing your local network.

ping 192.168.1.1 -w 5000
Time Out - This is in milliseconds. The timeout by default is 4,000 milliseconds which amounts to 4 minutes. Just seeing if you were still paying attention. It really is only 4 seconds.

ping -a 192.168.1.1
Resolves Hostanme Address - This is a great one if you are helping osmoen else and need to find out what router model they are using. You an resolve the host of an IP Adrress with this command. Try pinging your router or your local computer with it. ping -a 127.0.0.1. Not this switch will only work in front of the IP Address.

Ping Command Summary

The Ping command is a network tool used to determine if you are able to send packets between your network computer on the internet to another computer without losing packets along the way. By doing this you can determine if you're online or if a website is down. It also calculates round trip time and Time to Live. This can let you know if your NIC card is working properly and if you're able to reach your router or modem. It can also be used as a network tool for troubleshooting.

Networking Basics Command Prompt

 

tracert site.com
With Trace route you can trace the path your packets take across the internet from you to your destination. Along the way you can determine the time from hop to hop. You can identify server problems and latency with this tool. It really helps see where the failure is between you and a destination.

nslookup site.com

nslookup xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
nslookup is a way to get the IP address for a domain name. You can also do a reverse lookup from Domain Name to IP Address. It can be a way to find out if your DNS is properly working or if the site is having problems. You can obtain an IP from a site and try to visit the IP directly, bypassing the Domain Name Servers that would usually resolve the Domain name to IP name.

netstat
netstat can be used to view your active network connections and TCP/IP connections. You can determine what ports are open and being used, what programs are using your ports and what kind of TCP and UDP connections are present. Looking in here for the first time may scare the hell out of you.

netstat Switches
netstat -a Displays all active TCP connections. And TCP / UDP ports.

netstat -e Displays ethernet statistics.

netstat -b Displays all active programs that are listening.

 

netsh winsock reset winsock reset

netsh int ip reset resetlog.txt TCP/IP reset
netsh is used to reset or rebuild the Windows TCP/IP IP Stack. This can be done if you have a problem with DNS. Say you are able to browse to a sites IP address but not to it's Domain Name. You can find the sites IP by using nslookup mentioned above.
You may need to run this command as an administrator by right clicking, run as admin for elevated permissions.

 

getmac
How do I find my MAC Address you might ask?
If you open up the command prompt you simply type getmac. 

 

arp -a
This command can be used to find out the MAC address of the device you are connecting to.

 

Net command

 Change administrator password

Net ɸ  user ɸ administrator ɸ 123$iiht

 delete network credential

Net ɸ use ɸ  * ɸ /delete

 add network credential

net ɸ use ɸ w: ɸ \\myserver\fileshare ɸ /user:MyID ɸ My Password

 

PathPing is a network diagnostic utility that comes with Windows which combines the ping and tracert command into one tool. PathPing will show you details of the path between two hosts like tracert does and at the same time gives you ping statistics for each node or hop that is used on the way to its destination.

 

Pathping  ɸ  www.yahoo.com

 

NBTSTAT :-MS-DOS utility that displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/IP), which allow the user to troubleshoot NetBIOS name resolution issues. 

 

Nbtstat ɸ  -A  ɸ  192.168.1.93

 

ROUTE:- this is use to add route to destination network like static routing

 

Route ɸ add ɸ 172.16.0.0 ɸ mask ɸ 255.255.255.0 ɸ 192.168.1.93

 

 

Note: to take help for command you shoud use /? Like ipconfig ɸ /?